html Scenario 19 — Consumer law: complaints, warranties, distance contracts (180’)

Scenario 19 — Consumer law: complaints, warranties, distance contracts (180’)

BNB4UR package • Group: 18–30 • 180 minutes • 15–20 people • Language: Polish • Format: in-person

IMPORTANT
IMPORTANT: This is an educational workshop, not legal advice. Laws change—always verify up-to-date information in official sources (UOKiK/GOV). In exercises we use fictional data.

1. Overall goal and session logic

Goal: participants understand the differences between non-conformity of goods with the contract (after 01/01/2023), warranty (voluntary), the right of withdrawal (distance/off-premises purchases) and ADR/mediation, and can write a complete complaint letter, use the right of withdrawal, and plan escalation (Consumer Ombudsman/Trade Inspection).

Logic: rights map → case analysis → letters (3 templates) → escalation paths and evidence → 30-day plan.

Final outputs: 1) PK1 — Consumer rights map (summary), 2) PK2 — Complaint checklist (non-conformity), 3) PK3 — Warranty vs non-conformity (comparison), 4) PK4 — 14-day withdrawal (form + exceptions), 5) PK5 — Complaint letter (template A2–B2), 6) PK6 — Withdrawal letter (template), 7) PK7 — Escalation: Ombudsman/Trade Inspection/ADR (contacts + steps), 8) PK8 — Evidence package (what to collect and how), 9) PK9 — 30-day plan (3 actions), 10) PK‑R — Outcomes assessment rubric.

2. Learning outcomes (knowledge • skills • attitudes)

Knowledge: knows the basics of non-conformity of goods with the contract (after 01/01/2023), understands warranty and its voluntary nature, knows the rules for withdrawal in distance purchases (generally 14 days; exceptions), understands ADR/mediation and where to seek help (Consumer Ombudsman, Trade Inspection). Skills:

completes a full complaint letter (PK5) and a withdrawal form (PK6);

selects the right path: complaint/warranty/withdrawal/mediation;

collects evidence (PK8) and keeps a calendar of deadlines;

prepares a 30-day action plan (PK9). Attitudes: assertiveness, fact-based work, care for documents, awareness of exceptions.

3. Organisational parameters

Room setup: U-shape + 4 tables; 2 flipcharts; projector; timer.

Materials (A4/A3, 1 per person): PK1–PK9, PK‑R; sample terms & conditions (fictional), receipts/invoices (anonymised), chat screenshots (fictional).

Evaluation: Mentimeter PRE/POST (3 questions – section 4) + PK‑R rubric (observation).

4. Mentimeter — questions (PRE and POST)

“I know which path to choose: complaint / warranty / withdrawal.”

“I can write a complaint letter with a full description and request.”

“I know the escalation steps (Ombudsman/Inspection/ADR) and what to collect as evidence.”

5. Detailed agenda (180’)

0–12’
Opening and ground rules (12’)

Goal: provide the legal framework without jargon. Instructions: present goals and outputs; rules: voluntariness, safety, no sharing sellers’ personal data; we work on examples.

12–22’
Icebreaker “True or myth?” (10’)

Goal: activate the group’s experience. Instructions: the trainer reads 8 statements (e.g., “Returns in a stationary store are mandatory” — MYTH; “As a rule, I can withdraw from a distance contract within 14 days” — TRUE; “A warranty is mandatory” — MYTH). Short discussion and reference to PK1.

22–30’
Mentimeter PRE (8’)
30–62’
MODULE 1 — Rights map: non-conformity, warranty, withdrawal (32’)

Goal: set “when to use what”. Materials: PK1, PK3, PK4. Instructions (mini-input 12’):

Non-conformity of goods with the contract (consumer sales after 01/01/2023): priority of repair/replacement, then price reduction/withdrawal—under the Consumer Rights Act.

Warranty — a voluntary commitment of the manufacturer; terms only in the warranty document; works alongside non-conformity.

Withdrawal for distance/off-premises purchases—generally 14 days to decide; exceptions (e.g., made-to-order goods, sealed hygiene items after opening, digital content started with consent and information about loss of the right). Exercise (20’): for 8 cases (e.g., shoes with a sole coming off after a week; online licence codes; a phone bought online—you just don’t like it; unpacked headphones), match the right path + request and deadline. Write it down on PK1/PK3/PK4.

62–95’
MODULE 2 — Complaint: request and justification (33’)

Goal: write an effective letter. Materials: PK2 (checklist), PK5 (letter template), sample evidence. Instructions:

PK2 — checklist: parties’ details, facts description (what/when/where), non-conformity symptom, specific request (repair/replacement/price reduction/withdrawal), deadline, legal basis (generally: “Consumer Rights Act”), attachments (evidence).

PK5 — letter (A2–B2): work in pairs on 2 cases (home appliances, clothing). Each creates max 12 sentences, plain language, no emotions, with a list of attachments.

Cross quality check: swap letters and check them against PK2. Criterion: the letter includes a complete request and a deadline.

95–105’
BREAK (10’)
105–135’
MODULE 3 — Withdrawal for online purchases (30’)

Goal: step-by-step procedure. Materials: PK4 (form + exceptions), PK6 (template). Instructions:

How and when deadlines are counted (generally 14 days from delivery / from conclusion for services), where to send, who covers return shipping costs (depending on the terms—if informed, usually the consumer), and refunds by the seller after receiving the goods or proof of return.

Exclusions (discuss the 8 most common).

Exercise (15’): fill in PK6 for the case “shoes bought online – wrong size” and prepare a (fictional) return label. Criterion: PK6 completed fully.

135–165’
MODULE 4 — Escalation and payment scenarios (30’)

Goal: what next if the seller refuses? Materials: PK7 (contacts and steps), PK8 (evidence). Instructions:

Escalation order: seller → Consumer Ombudsman (free support) → Trade Inspection/ADR (mediation at WIIH; generally 90 days to conclude) → court (final stage).

Payments: if paid by card—report to the bank (chargeback); if bank transfer/BLIK—a bank complaint may be possible, but it is not standard chargeback; keep correspondence and report unfair practices to UOKiK when they indicate a broader issue.

PK8 — evidence: order/payment confirmations, correspondence, photos/video of the defect, shipment numbers, terms/offer on the purchase date (screenshot). Exercise (12’): in groups of three, create an escalation map for the case “phone still faulty after repair” (request replacement → refusal). Criterion: everyone enters local contacts in PK7 and their escalation plan.

165–175’
Mentimeter POST + “1 step / 7 days” (10’)

Goal: wrap-up and implementation. Instructions: POST (the same 3 questions). On PK9, write 3 actions for the next 30 days (e.g., “I will organise purchase evidence”, “I will prepare a letter template”, “I will check the return form in 2 shops”).

175–180’
Closing (5’)

Instructions: reminder—always read the terms and note deadlines; keep copies of correspondence and confirmations; know where to seek help.

6. Facilitation good practices

Plain language (A2–B2): short sentences, bullet points, no jargon.

Facts > emotions: describe the issue, include dates, order numbers, your request and a deadline.

Digital safety: do not send scans of documents to unknown addresses; type links manually (link to scenario 15).

Case work: neutral examples, anonymisation.

Links: household budget (scenario 14), work in Poland (scenario 09), digital topics (scenario 15).

7. Adaptations, plan B, variants

Language barrier: glossary on cards (PL↔UA); notes allowed; mixed-language pairs.

Small group (≤10): more 1:1 work on letters; phone-call simulations.

Less time (120’): M1 20’, M2 25’, M3 20’, M4 25’; PK9 as homework.

More time (+30’): add a block “Digital services and subscriptions” (withdrawal, auto-renewals).

8. Evaluation and indicators for reporting

Mentimeter PRE/POST — 3 questions.

Outputs: PK5 (letters), PK6 (withdrawals), PK7 (contacts), PK8 (evidence list), PK9 (plan).

PK‑R rubric (0–2 pts/criterion, max 10):

Choosing the right path,

Letter quality (PK5),

Correctness of withdrawal (PK6),

Complete escalation plan (PK7),

Evidence package (PK8). Interpretation: 0–3 beginner; 4–7 solid; 8–10 ready to act.

9. Printables (ready-to-use content)

Printables
Printables PK1–PK9, PK‑R, and additional materials are available in the section “Materials (interactive + printables)” below. Click to go to a specific card.

10. Branding and compliance (trainer)

On the cards: “Bridges of Hope” logo, EU flag + “Co-funded by the European Union”, Erasmus+ logo; partners (KIS, Asociația Se Poate).

Space for the project number and information clause.

11. Trainer checklist (before/after) (trainer)

Before: printouts of PK1–PK9 and cases; Mentimeter; timer; sticky notes. After: photos of outputs (no personal data), record Mentimeter results, “1 step / 7 days” list for follow-up.

Materials (interactive + printables)

Each card has a button Print and the funding acknowledgement (hidden on screen in trainer mode, but always present in print).

Printable attachment

PK1 — Consumer rights map (summary)

PK1 — Consumer rights map (summary)
Quick cheat sheet “when to use what”: non-conformity vs warranty vs withdrawal + ADR/mediation.
Non-conformity of goods with the contract

Consumer sale (after 01/01/2023).



Warranty

Voluntary (per the warranty document). Works alongside non-conformity.



Withdrawal (distance purchases)

As a rule, 14 days to decide (with exceptions).



ADR / mediation + help

If the seller refuses / drags the case out.




Co-Funded by the European Union.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (FRSE). Neither the European Union nor FRSE can be held responsible for them.
Printable attachment

PK2 — Complaint checklist (non-conformity)

PK2 — Complaint checklist (non-conformity of goods)
Tick whether your letter has all the elements. Stick to facts, dates and your request.
Details



Facts description



Request and deadline


Attachments / evidence



Co-Funded by the European Union.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (FRSE). Neither the European Union nor FRSE can be held responsible for them.
Printable attachment

PK3 — Warranty vs non-conformity (comparison)

PK3 — Warranty vs non-conformity (comparison)
Helps choose the right path.
CriterionWarrantyNon-conformity of goods with the contract
Who is responsible?
Duration
Scope
Order of claims
Pros/cons


Co-Funded by the European Union.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (FRSE). Neither the European Union nor FRSE can be held responsible for them.
Printable attachment

PK4 — 14-day withdrawal (form + exceptions)

PK4 — 14-day withdrawal (form + exceptions)
As a rule, 14 days for distance/off-premises purchases. Check the exceptions.
Most common exclusions (examples)





Co-Funded by the European Union.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (FRSE). Neither the European Union nor FRSE can be held responsible for them.
Printable attachment

PK5 — Complaint letter (template A2–B2)

PK5 — Complaint letter (template A2–B2, max 1 page)
Plain language, facts, request and deadline. No emotions.
Co-Funded by the European Union.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (FRSE). Neither the European Union nor FRSE can be held responsible for them.
Printable attachment

PK6 — Withdrawal letter (template)

PK6 — Withdrawal from contract (template)
Send by email or letter. Keep confirmation.
Co-Funded by the European Union.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (FRSE). Neither the European Union nor FRSE can be held responsible for them.
Printable attachment

PK7 — Escalation: Ombudsman/Trade Inspection/ADR

PK7 — Escalation and contacts
Order: seller → Consumer Ombudsman → Trade Inspection/ADR (WIIH) → court.
My escalation path
  1. Contact the seller + letter (PK5) + evidence (PK8)
  2. Consumer Ombudsman (free support)
  3. Trade Inspection / ADR (mediation at WIIH)
  4. Bank (chargeback) — if paid by card (optional)
  5. Court (final stage)
Institution / channelContact (phone/website/email)What I attachDeadline / note
Consumer Ombudsman
Trade Inspection / ADR (WIIH)
Bank (chargeback)
Other
Co-Funded by the European Union.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (FRSE). Neither the European Union nor FRSE can be held responsible for them.
Printable attachment

PK8 — Evidence package (what to collect)

PK8 — Evidence package (what to collect)
The better the evidence, the easier the complaint and escalation.
Purchase and payment



Defect / non-conformity


Communication


Offer and terms


Co-Funded by the European Union.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (FRSE). Neither the European Union nor FRSE can be held responsible for them.
Printable attachment

PK9 — 30-day plan (3 actions)

PK9 — 30-day plan (3 actions)
Short implementation plan after the workshop.
PeriodWhat do I do?Evidence/outputStatus
Day 1–7
Day 8–21
Day 22–30
Co-Funded by the European Union.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (FRSE). Neither the European Union nor FRSE can be held responsible for them.
Printable attachment

PK‑R — Outcomes assessment rubric

PK‑R — Outcomes assessment rubric (0–2 pts/criterion, max 10)
Interpretation: 0–3 beginner; 4–7 solid; 8–10 ready to act.
Choosing the right path
Letter quality (PK5)
Correctness of withdrawal (PK6)
Complete escalation plan (PK7)
Evidence package (PK8)
Co-Funded by the European Union.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (FRSE). Neither the European Union nor FRSE can be held responsible for them.
Printable attachment

Additional material — Store terms (fictional)

Additional material — Sample “Store terms” (fictional)
For practice: identify clauses about returns, complaints, and return shipping costs.
Terms & conditions (summary)

1. Delivery: delivery time 2–5 business days. Delivery cost: 0–25 PLN.

2. Returns (withdrawal): 14 days from delivery. The consumer bears the return shipping cost if they were informed.

3. Complaints: submit by email or form. Recommended: description, photos, proof of purchase.

4. Digital content: after the service has started with consent and information about loss of the right to withdraw—no 14 days.

5. Contact: support@fictional-shop.example, tel. 000‑000‑000.

Co-Funded by the European Union.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (FRSE). Neither the European Union nor FRSE can be held responsible for them.
Printable attachment

Additional material — Receipt/Invoice (fictional)

Additional material — Receipt / invoice (fictional)
Fill in as “proof of purchase” for exercises (do not use real data).
SALES DOCUMENT (FICTIONAL)
StoreDate
Document no.Order no.
ProductPrice
Payment methodAmount


Co-Funded by the European Union.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (FRSE). Neither the European Union nor FRSE can be held responsible for them.
Printable attachment

Additional material — Chat screenshot (fictional)

Additional material — Chat screenshot (fictional)
Exercise: extract facts, deadlines and “red flags” from the conversation.
Chat (fiction)

Consumer: Hello, the headphones from order ORD‑123 stopped working after a week. I request a replacement.

Store: Only the manufacturer’s warranty applies. Please send it to the service centre and wait.

Consumer: I am submitting a complaint to the seller due to non-conformity. Please confirm receipt.

Store: Please don’t write, it won’t help anyway. Only by phone.

Co-Funded by the European Union.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (FRSE). Neither the European Union nor FRSE can be held responsible for them.